Pronouns (Kata Ganti) adalah kata yang menggantikan kata benda (nouns).
Pembagian Pronouns :
1. Personal Pronouns
2. Demonstrative Pronouns
3. Possessive Pronouns
4. Interrogative Pronouns
5. Relative Pronouns
6. Indefinite Pronouns
7. Reflexive Pronouns
8. Intensive Pronouns
9. Reciprocal Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti orang, baik orang pertama, orang kedua maupun orang ketiga. Personal Pronouns berfungsi sebagai:
a. Nominative Subjective, yaitu menjadi subjek kalimat. I, we, you, they, he, she, it.
• I study English
• You are my new secretary.
b. Objective, yaitu menjadi objek kalimat. Me, us, you, them, him, her, it.
• She brings me a cup of coffee.
• I make you a kite.
2. Demonstrative Pronouns (Kata Ganti Penunjuk)
• This, that, those, these.
• This is your book.
• Those are my pencils.
Catatan:
Keempat kata di atas juga dapat dijumpai dalam Demonstrative Adjectives. Perbedaan penggunaannya hanya pada penggunaan kata benda (nouns) setelah keempat kata di atas untuk Demonstrative Adjectives.
• This book is yours (this = adjectives)
• This is your book. (this = pronouns)
• These are your pencils. (these = pronouns)
3. Possessive Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan. Mine, yours, theirs, ours, his, hers.
• This house is mine. (mine = Possessive Pronouns).
• This is my house. (my=Possessive Adjectives).
4. Relative Pronouns
Yaitu kata yang menggantikan kata yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.
Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah:
a. Menggantikan subjek.
• Who (orang)
• Which, that (benda, binatang)
b. Menggantikan Objek
• whom (orang)
• which, that (benda, binatang)
c. Menggantikan kepunyaan
• whose (orang)
• of which (benda, binatang)
Catatan:
Semua kata-kata di atas (who, whom, whose, which, that, dan of which) dalam bahasa Indonesia artinya ‘Yang”.
Contoh:
• The man who cuts my hair is my uncle (Laki-laki yang memangkas rambut saya adalah paman saya).
• I am waiting for the man whom you are talking about.
• She borrows the novel of which cover is purple.
• Pembahasan lebih lanjut mengenai topic ini akan dibahas pada topic Adjective Clause.
5. Interrogative Pronouns
Yaitu kata Tanya yang digunakan untuk mengawali suatu pertanyaan.
Kata yang dipakai adalah who, what, whom, dan which.
• Who are you?
• What is the color of your house? (what = Pronouns)
• What color is your house? (what = Adjectives)
• Which is your pen? (which = Pronouns)
• Which pen is yours? (which = Adjectives)
6. Indefinite Pronouns (Kata Ganti Tak Tentu)
Kata-kata yang sering dipakai adalah: another, anybody, something, everyone, much, neither, one, none, dll.
• All work is not dull, some is pleasant.
• Most of the cars are new.
• Nobody is at home.
7. Reflexive Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti yang merupakan pantulan dari kata ganti (Pronouns) itu sendiri.
Perhatikan bentuk kata ganti jenis ini:
I = myself
You = yourself (kamu)
You = yourselves (kalian)
We = ourselves
They = themselves
He = himself
She = herself
It = itself
Contoh:
• I cut myself with a knife (saya kena pisau)
• They love themselves.
• I help myself this morning.
8. Intensive Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti yang juga merupakan pantulan dari kata ganti itu sendiri. Namun, letaknya sesudah nouns/pronouns itu sendiri. Kata ganti jenis ini berfungsi untuk lebih menekankan / menegaskan maksud pembicaraan.
Contoh:
• Henry himself who told me so. (Henry sendirilah yang mengatakan begitu kepadaku)
• Mary herself repaired the computer. (Mary sendirilah – bukan orang lain – yang memperbaiki computer itu)
• Jack himself gave me the book.
Catatan:
Berhati-hatilah dengan penggunaan kata gantu jenis ini. Perhatikan 3 contoh kalimat di bawah ini dan perhatikan perbedaannya.
• Alex does the test himself. (= Alex mengerjakan test itu sendiri – tanpa bantuan orang lain)
• Ted himself does the test. (=Ted sendirilah – bukan orang lain – yang mengerjakan test itu)
• Bob does the test by himself. (= Bob mengerjakan test itu sendirian – tidak ada orang lain bersama dia)
9. Reciprocal Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti yang menyatakan hubungan timbale balik antara 2 atau lebih.
Frase yang digunakan adalah:
• Each other = satu sama lain (2 orang)
• One another = satu sama lain ( lebih dari 2 orang)
Contoh:
• Henry and Elizabeth loves each other. (Henry & Elizabeth saling mencintai/ Henry & Elizabeth mencintai satu sama lainnya)
• All children love one another.
Possessive Adjective (Kata Ganti sebagai Milik)
Pronoun sebagai Possessive Adjecive diletakkan didepan Noun (Kata Benda) untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan.
I MY My name
YOU YOUR Your name
THEY THEIR Their name
WE OUR Our name
HE HIS His name
SHE HER Her name
IT ITS Its name
• Untuk menunjukkan milik tidak menggunakan kata ganti (pronoun) tetapi menggunakan nama atau kata benda, digunakan apostrophe (tanda ‘) ditambah s dibelakang nama atau kata benda tersebut.
• Tetapi jika berakhiran dengan huruf desis (seperti “s” atau “z”) cukup ditambah dengan tanda apostrophe (tanda ‘) saja.
Example:
• Budi’s house (Rumah budi)
• Rini’s house
• My aunt’s car
• My sister’s friend
• Sulis’ cat
• Agus’ hat
Contoh Latihan soal :
Answer the correct form of the pronoun or possessive adjective in the following sentences.
Note : the Bold text is a correct answer.
• I go to school with (he/him) everyday
• I see (she/her/herself) at the Union every Friday.
• She speaks to (we/us/ourselves) every morning.
• Isn’t (she/her) a nice person ?.
• (He/Him) is going to New York on vacation.
• (She/Her) and John gave the money to the boy.
• (Yours/Your) record is scratched and (my/mine) is too.
• I hurt (my/mine/the) leg.
• John bought (himself/herself/hisself) a new coat.
• (We/Us) girs are going camping over the weekend.
• Mr. Jones cut (hisself/himself) shaving.
• We like (our/ours) new car very much.
• The dog bit (she/her) on the leg.
• John (he/himself) went to the meeting.
• You’ll stick (you/your/yourself) with the pins if you are not careful.
• Marry and (I/me) would rather go to the movies.
• Everyone has to do (their/his) own research.
• Just beetwen you and (I/me), I don’t like this food.
• Monday is a holiday for (we/us) teacher.
• (Her/Hers) car does not go as fast as (our/ours).
Selesai pembahasan mengenai materi tentang pronouns…jika materi yang saya berikan masih banyak kekurangan dan kesalahan tolong dimaklumi dan diberitahu.
Terima kasih (^__^)
Pembagian Pronouns :
1. Personal Pronouns
2. Demonstrative Pronouns
3. Possessive Pronouns
4. Interrogative Pronouns
5. Relative Pronouns
6. Indefinite Pronouns
7. Reflexive Pronouns
8. Intensive Pronouns
9. Reciprocal Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti orang, baik orang pertama, orang kedua maupun orang ketiga. Personal Pronouns berfungsi sebagai:
a. Nominative Subjective, yaitu menjadi subjek kalimat. I, we, you, they, he, she, it.
• I study English
• You are my new secretary.
b. Objective, yaitu menjadi objek kalimat. Me, us, you, them, him, her, it.
• She brings me a cup of coffee.
• I make you a kite.
2. Demonstrative Pronouns (Kata Ganti Penunjuk)
• This, that, those, these.
• This is your book.
• Those are my pencils.
Catatan:
Keempat kata di atas juga dapat dijumpai dalam Demonstrative Adjectives. Perbedaan penggunaannya hanya pada penggunaan kata benda (nouns) setelah keempat kata di atas untuk Demonstrative Adjectives.
• This book is yours (this = adjectives)
• This is your book. (this = pronouns)
• These are your pencils. (these = pronouns)
3. Possessive Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan. Mine, yours, theirs, ours, his, hers.
• This house is mine. (mine = Possessive Pronouns).
• This is my house. (my=Possessive Adjectives).
4. Relative Pronouns
Yaitu kata yang menggantikan kata yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.
Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah:
a. Menggantikan subjek.
• Who (orang)
• Which, that (benda, binatang)
b. Menggantikan Objek
• whom (orang)
• which, that (benda, binatang)
c. Menggantikan kepunyaan
• whose (orang)
• of which (benda, binatang)
Catatan:
Semua kata-kata di atas (who, whom, whose, which, that, dan of which) dalam bahasa Indonesia artinya ‘Yang”.
Contoh:
• The man who cuts my hair is my uncle (Laki-laki yang memangkas rambut saya adalah paman saya).
• I am waiting for the man whom you are talking about.
• She borrows the novel of which cover is purple.
• Pembahasan lebih lanjut mengenai topic ini akan dibahas pada topic Adjective Clause.
5. Interrogative Pronouns
Yaitu kata Tanya yang digunakan untuk mengawali suatu pertanyaan.
Kata yang dipakai adalah who, what, whom, dan which.
• Who are you?
• What is the color of your house? (what = Pronouns)
• What color is your house? (what = Adjectives)
• Which is your pen? (which = Pronouns)
• Which pen is yours? (which = Adjectives)
6. Indefinite Pronouns (Kata Ganti Tak Tentu)
Kata-kata yang sering dipakai adalah: another, anybody, something, everyone, much, neither, one, none, dll.
• All work is not dull, some is pleasant.
• Most of the cars are new.
• Nobody is at home.
7. Reflexive Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti yang merupakan pantulan dari kata ganti (Pronouns) itu sendiri.
Perhatikan bentuk kata ganti jenis ini:
I = myself
You = yourself (kamu)
You = yourselves (kalian)
We = ourselves
They = themselves
He = himself
She = herself
It = itself
Contoh:
• I cut myself with a knife (saya kena pisau)
• They love themselves.
• I help myself this morning.
8. Intensive Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti yang juga merupakan pantulan dari kata ganti itu sendiri. Namun, letaknya sesudah nouns/pronouns itu sendiri. Kata ganti jenis ini berfungsi untuk lebih menekankan / menegaskan maksud pembicaraan.
Contoh:
• Henry himself who told me so. (Henry sendirilah yang mengatakan begitu kepadaku)
• Mary herself repaired the computer. (Mary sendirilah – bukan orang lain – yang memperbaiki computer itu)
• Jack himself gave me the book.
Catatan:
Berhati-hatilah dengan penggunaan kata gantu jenis ini. Perhatikan 3 contoh kalimat di bawah ini dan perhatikan perbedaannya.
• Alex does the test himself. (= Alex mengerjakan test itu sendiri – tanpa bantuan orang lain)
• Ted himself does the test. (=Ted sendirilah – bukan orang lain – yang mengerjakan test itu)
• Bob does the test by himself. (= Bob mengerjakan test itu sendirian – tidak ada orang lain bersama dia)
9. Reciprocal Pronouns
Yaitu kata ganti yang menyatakan hubungan timbale balik antara 2 atau lebih.
Frase yang digunakan adalah:
• Each other = satu sama lain (2 orang)
• One another = satu sama lain ( lebih dari 2 orang)
Contoh:
• Henry and Elizabeth loves each other. (Henry & Elizabeth saling mencintai/ Henry & Elizabeth mencintai satu sama lainnya)
• All children love one another.
Possessive Adjective (Kata Ganti sebagai Milik)
Pronoun sebagai Possessive Adjecive diletakkan didepan Noun (Kata Benda) untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan.
I MY My name
YOU YOUR Your name
THEY THEIR Their name
WE OUR Our name
HE HIS His name
SHE HER Her name
IT ITS Its name
• Untuk menunjukkan milik tidak menggunakan kata ganti (pronoun) tetapi menggunakan nama atau kata benda, digunakan apostrophe (tanda ‘) ditambah s dibelakang nama atau kata benda tersebut.
• Tetapi jika berakhiran dengan huruf desis (seperti “s” atau “z”) cukup ditambah dengan tanda apostrophe (tanda ‘) saja.
Example:
• Budi’s house (Rumah budi)
• Rini’s house
• My aunt’s car
• My sister’s friend
• Sulis’ cat
• Agus’ hat
Contoh Latihan soal :
Answer the correct form of the pronoun or possessive adjective in the following sentences.
Note : the Bold text is a correct answer.
• I go to school with (he/him) everyday
• I see (she/her/herself) at the Union every Friday.
• She speaks to (we/us/ourselves) every morning.
• Isn’t (she/her) a nice person ?.
• (He/Him) is going to New York on vacation.
• (She/Her) and John gave the money to the boy.
• (Yours/Your) record is scratched and (my/mine) is too.
• I hurt (my/mine/the) leg.
• John bought (himself/herself/hisself) a new coat.
• (We/Us) girs are going camping over the weekend.
• Mr. Jones cut (hisself/himself) shaving.
• We like (our/ours) new car very much.
• The dog bit (she/her) on the leg.
• John (he/himself) went to the meeting.
• You’ll stick (you/your/yourself) with the pins if you are not careful.
• Marry and (I/me) would rather go to the movies.
• Everyone has to do (their/his) own research.
• Just beetwen you and (I/me), I don’t like this food.
• Monday is a holiday for (we/us) teacher.
• (Her/Hers) car does not go as fast as (our/ours).
Selesai pembahasan mengenai materi tentang pronouns…jika materi yang saya berikan masih banyak kekurangan dan kesalahan tolong dimaklumi dan diberitahu.
Terima kasih (^__^)
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